The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides the framework for the European social model through gender equality, consumer protection, non-discrimination, environmental protection, protection of services of general interest. It also provides instruments regarding the constitutionality of the role of social interlocutors. The establishment of ex-post judicial control provides the framework for infringement intervention. The technique of lobbying intervention is the subject of the case study, which is based on a comparative method of legislation and practice at EU and Romanian levels and an empirical analysis of lobbying in Romania from a legislative point of view.
- Published on: 5th May, 2019
- Keywords: Ex post judicial control; Lobbying; Infringement procedure; European social model
- Pages: 7-12
- Received: 21th October, 2018
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd May, 2019
International regulations in the field of juvenile justice have gradually been introduced ever since the foundation of international organizations dealing with juvenile justice issues. The fight against juvenile delinquency has been the subject of regional and global research, including several states of the international association. In this context the 2nd UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Treatment of Offenders was held, at which the Report "New forms of juvenile delinquency" was presented. In this report, for the first time, materials from several states were used, which met all principles and criteria. A comparative research had been carried out in almost all regions of the globe, whose findings were disseminated on that occasion. The proposals of the general rapporteur are recent and consist in creating special jurisdictions for young adults to assign cases to young adults in juvenile courts (from 18 to 21 years old), to divide the powers of the ordinary courts of law and the courts for juveniles, taking into account the seriousness of the offense, the degree of maturity of the offender, the decision of the court to refer the case to a particular court, the choice of the court by the offenders themselves. The entrustment of the offender to the common law court can only be favorable if addressing the treatment applied by the administrative bodies dealing with minors.
- Published on: 5th May, 2019
- Keywords: Juvenile delinquency; Criminal sanctions; Offenses committed by minors; Juvenile offenders
- Pages: 13-16
- Received: 14th February, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd May, 2019
The unprecedented proliferation of antisocial phenomena in the sphere of organized crime is a source of insecurity for life social life and, equally, a real aggression against the rule of law. In contemporary society, terrorism, illicit drug trafficking and trafficking of human beings, armament, ammunition and radioactive substances are the main forms of manifestation of organized crime with unprecedented cross-border implications. Aware of the danger these categories represent and given the variety of legal systems, the states of the world have taken measures aimed at adapting a new legal framework in order to prevent some procedural imbalances. New facts regarding organized crime have incriminated in accordance with international, European, regional or bilateral treaties, conventions and agreements.
- Published on: 5th May, 2019
- Keywords: Drugs; International regulations; Convention; Ddrug trafficking
- Pages: 17-20
- Received: 14th February, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd May, 2019
The limitation of criminal liability is closely related to the promptness of the specialized bodies of the state in establishing the criminal liability and in applying the punishment corresponding to the crime. Thus, through prescription, the possibility of eliminating criminal liability was created when a period of time had elapsed since the crime was committed. The limitation of criminal liability consists in extinguishing the criminal legal report of conflict, in this case the state's right to establish the criminal liability and to apply the appropriate educational penalty / measure and, the obligation of the offender to bear the consequences of his actions, respectively.
- Published on: 5th May, 2019
- Keywords: Juvenile delinquency; Criminal sanctions; Offenses committed by minors; Juvenile offenders
- Pages: 21-23
- Received: 20th February, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd May, 2019
Sandu Tudor's activity as a member of the Association of Romanian Christian Students, his involvement in the academic environment of the period, respectively in the various student movements, has been a less researched topic. Historiography so far has offered only few milestones which are rather empirical and factual; a circumstantial interpretation would configure a clear dimension of what was, from this perspective, Sandu Tudor: an influence factor that moved the Orthodox Christian message from the sphere of symbolic communication to the public space. The objective of the paper is to bring to the public space conclusive evidence of Sandu Tudor's involvement in the events and debates related to the Romanian Orthodox Church in the first interwar decade. A large part of the research lies in the discovery of evidence relevant to understanding the events of the above-mentioned period; documents from the secret police’s archives were collected and selected and then, as their acuity cannot be taken for granted, corroborated with other types of sources - from specialized works on interwar Romania to confessional literature. The material was shaped and reshaped critically until the personality of Sandu Tudor emerged free from myths and prejudices. The present study aims to add another piece to the puzzle posed by the mystery of the personality of Sandu Tudor, and also to complete and colour the picture of Great Romania in the first decade of the interwar period.
- Published on: 5th May, 2019
- Keywords: Sandu Tudor; Alexandru Teodorescu; Orthodoxy; Christian paradigm; Association of Romanian Christian Students
- Pages: 25-33
- Received: 10th February, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd May, 2019
Any attempt in the sphere of humanities to characterize and explain man in his individuality, but also in the social existential context, relates to the issue of freedom. Freedom is essentially related to the human being, but also to the existential phenomenality of man. Man is the only created being whose fundamental ontological dimensions are freedom and spirit. In this study we briefly look into the concept of freedom not only as a moral value or category, but also as an ontological dimension of man. In this way we make the distinction between ontological freedom and the legal freedoms established or recognized by the legal norms. The legal liberties are a phenomenal expression of human existence whose legitimacy and motivation is conferred by the ontological dimension of human freedom. In this context, the main features of the legal freedoms and the practical importance of the ontological meaning are to be found in the freedoms consecrated in the law.
- Published on: 26th November, 2019
- Keywords: Freedom as moral value; Characteristics of ontological freedom; The features of the legal freedoms; The ontological basis of legal freedoms
- Pages: 39-45
- Received: 20th October, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 23rd November, 2019
The donation or the practice of aid collection, in order to build or rehabilitate a place of worship, is an old habit in Romania, and during the arch-shepherding of Metropolitan Iosif Naniescu (1875-1902) in Iași, this was one of the most common options. In order to ensure the transparency of this action, the fundraising action had to have the blessing of the bishop of the place. This blessing was called „pantahuză” (gr. πανταχοῦσα), a document issued by the metropolitan or episcopal chancellery, signed by the bishop and given to a community, in response to an initial request. The present paper attempts to present in an objective and systematic manner the main issues of financial aid collection, both in villages and cities, by virtue of the document called „pantahuză”.
- Published on: 29th November, 2019
- Keywords: Pantahuză; Metropolis of Moldavia and Suceava; Metropolitan Iosif Naniescu; The second half of the 19th century
- Pages: 47-51
- Received: 27th October, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 25th November, 2019
The present paper gives a diachronic presentation of the connections between three organizations – the Y.M.C.A (Young Men's Christian Association), the A.S.C.R. (Asociația Studențească Creștină din România[The Christian Student Association of Romania])and the U.N.S.C.R. (Uniunea Națională a Studenților Creștini din România [the National Union of Christian Students of Romania]). The pluridimensional (theological, cultural and political) research aims to describe the implications and mutual interests in their dynamics, to the extent that these can be reconstructed based on scrutiny of the Siguranţă [Secret Service] Archives and of the press of the time. Needless to say the present paper does not lay claim to an exhaustive analysis of this topic, but tries to reconstruct the circumstances of Alexandru Teodorescu’s (aka Sandu Tudor) evolution within these organisations. Besides, in order to understand the existential trajectory of a human being, particularly an exceptional one (such as our subject), in order to understand his options, decisions and how they were taken, it is important to look at the environment, the people he lived among, the sympathies and animosities shown, etc. Therefore, the documentary sources will be filtered according to these objectives and the paper will especially focus on the way the Orthodox Church was present (experienced, perceived) among the student population.
- Published on: 30th November, 2019
- Keywords: Sandu Tudor; Alexandru Teodorescu; Orthodoxy; Christian paradigm; Association of Romanian Christian Students
- Pages: 53-63
- Received: 16th October, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 28th November, 2019
It is known that Sandu Tudor (alias Alexandru Teodorescu) belonged to the elite of the young interwar generation, certified, in particular, by his position as a journalist. What is less known is the quality of his ASCR membership (ASCR - the Christian Student Association in interwar Romania) in his student years. The sources that verify this latest information are the secret police archives as well as the testimony of Sandu Tudor himself – his autobiographical memoirs. The sources of the analysis come, in particular, from archive documents in Romania and from the interwar press. Thus, in particular six files from A. C. N. S. A. S. (the Archives of the National Council for studying the secret police archives) covered the field of documentation: first, the Y. M. C. A. (Young Men's Christian Association) files, but also the files of student congresses in Romania during the period dealt with by this study. The reader should be warned that the interpretative sketch below does not claim a substantial analysis of what the interwar young generation meant to Great Romania. The examination of this association aims to identify conclusive data on how the church was perceived and experienced especially by students and intellectuals during the interwar period.
- Published on: 30th November, 2019
- Keywords: Sandu Tudor; Alexandru Teodorescu; Orthodoxy; Christian paradigm; Association of Romanian Christian Students
- Pages: 65-75
- Received: 16th October, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 28th November, 2019
Public relation is a discipline that is grossly misrepresented. In discussions with friends, family, prospects, and even vendors and clients in some cases, there is a great deal of confusion about what public relation is and where PR fits. Very few people can explain what people in public relations really do. If you’re a cop, a construction worker or a doctor, everybody knows your job function. This article focuses on identifying connections between public relations and the most important related fields. Although public relations is no longer a new field of practice and activity in Romania, we often see confusion and interferences with other areas. The article deals with the similarities and differences between public relations, marketing, advertising, journalism, public affairs, lobby and propaganda.
- Published on: 12th December, 2019
- Keywords: Public relations; Marketing; Advertisement; Journalism; Lobby; Propaganda
- Pages: 77-81
- Received: 19th October, 2019
- Final revision and acceptance: 10th December, 2019
